Ayodhya in times of Mahabharata

 In the Mahabharata, Ayodhya is mentioned as the capital of the Ikshvaku kings at many places. However, in the list of places of pilgrimage the description of the Gopratara Ghat, which was a part of Ayodhya, is found in the following slokas -

गोप्रतारं ततो गच्छेत् सरय्वास्तीर्थमुत्तमम्। यत्र रामो गतः स्वर्गं सभृत्यबलवाहनः।। सा् च वीरो महाराज तस्य तीर्थस्य तेजसा। रामस्य च प्रसादेन व्यवसायाच्च भारत।। तस्स्तींर्थे नरः स्नात्वा गोप्रतारे नराधिप। सर्वपापविशुद्धात्मा स्वर्गलोके महीयते।।         (Vanaparva, 84/70-72)These slokas find place in the critical edition of the Maha-bharata also. The meaning is as follows: Thereafter one should go to Gopratara which is the best pilgrim place (tirtha) on the Sarayu river where Rama went to heaven with all his followers along with the splendour of that tirth. By the grace and efforts of Rama, a man attains heaven by taking bath in Gopratara and becomes pure from all sins. Thus, Ayodhya was a pilgrim centre during the days of the composition of the Mahabharata also.

The Gopratara is now called Guptar Ghat which is at Faizabad near Cantonment area. The photograph of the Rama temple at Gopratara Ghat taken sometime during the last quarter of the 19th century and published in the book 'Padri Elliot of Faizabad: A Memorial' in 1906.

The general misconception that after the departure of Lord Rama to the Vaikuntha and establishment of the capitals of at Kusavati (near the Vindhya mountain) by Kusa and at Saravati Sravasti) by Lava Ayodhya became desolate and it remained so until its discovery by Vikramaditya is far from truth. The fact is that when Kusa was ruling from newly established capital Kusavati; the Nagaradevi of Ayodhya one night went to see Kusa and narrated her woes and requested him to restore the capital at Ayodhya. Next morning, Kusa left for Ayodhya ( ) and rebuilt Ayodhya with his guild of artists in such a way that it looked as grand as it was in Rama's time. Kalidasa has described it eloquently in Raghuvamsa in the 16th canto in these words:        तां शिल्पिसंघाः प्रभुणा नियुक्तास्तथागतां संभृतसाधनत्वात्। पुं नवीचक्रुरपां विसर्गान्मेघा निदाघग्लपितामिवोर्वीम्।।38।। . By the order of the king Kusa guilds of artisans, with their advanced instruments, renovated Ayodhya, as if clouds, by the order of Indra, made the hot earth green by rain-fall.वसन्स तस्यां वसतौ रघूणां पुराणशोभामधिरोपितायाम्। न मैथिलेयः स्पृहयांबभूव भर्त्रे दिवो नाप्यलकेश्वराय || 42 || Ayodhya looked as beautiful as it was earlier. There the son of Maithili, i.e. Kusa attained such happiness that he had no desire left for becoming the master of the paradise and the Alakapuri. Descendants of Kusa ruled from Ayodhya; whereas those of Lava from Sravasti. King Brihadbala, who was killed by Abhimanyu in the Mahabharata war, was in the line of Lava.